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Large field surveys are a common feature of the health research landscape. In low and middle income countries where capacity and administrative problems with the collection of health data are common, surveys are often the only way to collect reliable data [1, 2]. Paper based data collection has been the standard method for decades but errors are frequent, storage costs are prohibitive, and the costs of double data entry are high. Electronic methods of data collection have been developed in order to merge the process of data collection and data entry [2]. Handheld devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) are increasingly being used instead of paper and pencil methods of data collection [1, 3]. PDAs are not without problems of their own, however, including the challenges associated with having to download data (often to expensive laptops in the field). In addition, data can be corrupted if PDAs are damaged, or data can be lost if PDAs are misplaced or stolen.
Automated data upload from the mobile phone to the server significantly reduces data loss due to PDA damage, theft or loss because of the time elapsed between data collection and data upload. Prior studies have reported technical problems with data upload and download using PDA-based survey systems [24], as well as difficulties in remote sites with data upload due to electrical interference with telephone lines and switchboard difficulties [1]. In addition, there have been considerable problems noted with the instability of the \"active synchronization\" process when transferring data from PDA to computer [25]. In our study, there was no data loss. While this does not guarantee that data loss cannot occur with this system, we believe the chances of data loss were significantly minimized.
Our mobile phone based survey apparatus may be particularly suited for conducting survey research in rural areas. In surveys where multiple research sites may be remote and dispersed, and where vehicles have to be used to travel from site to site to download data onto laptops, the mobile phone based data collection system may be a significantly cheaper option. Importantly, survey storage (up to 50 completed surveys can be stored on an entry-level mobile phone) and delayed upload permits surveys to be conducted in areas where there is no mobile phone coverage. 59ce067264
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