Knights Of Honor II Sovereign Online
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(i) Conclusion. The middle period, with all its inconsistencies in theory and practice, had neverthelesstaught men some lessons. The world-empire of Rome showed a common political sovereignty by which the acts of remoteterritories might be regulated; the[19] world-religion ofthe Church of the middle period added the idea of a common bond of humanity. Both of these conceptions imbued men's mindswith the possibility of a unity, but a unity in which all other powers should be subordinate to a single power, and not aunity of several sovereign powers acting on established principles. The feudal system emphasized the territorial basis ofsovereignty. The Crusades gave to the Christian peoples of Europe a knowledge and tolerance of each other which the honor ofthe code of chivalry made more beneficent, while the growth of the free cities opposed the dominance of classes feudal orreligious. The fluctuations and uncertainties in theory and practice of international intercourse, both in peace and war,made men ready to hear the voice of Grotius (1583-1645), whose work marks the beginning of the modern period.
(1) Diplomatic agents of the first class are held to represent the person of the sovereign. Ambassador ordinaryusually designates one holding a permanent mission. Ambassador extraordinary designates one on a special mission, or havingpower to act in exceptional circumstances. This, however, is most often a title of somewhat superior honor giving no otheradvantage. Papal legates rank, and for practical purposes, are, ambassadors extraordinary, though representing particularlyecclesiastical affairs and the Pope as head of the Church. Legates are chosen from the cardinals and sent to countriesrecognizing the papal supremacy. Nuncios of the Pope rank as ambassadors ordinary on a permanent mission, and are usuallyintrusted with power to transact general affairs.[212]
The rank of a diplomatic agent is a mark of dignity and honor particularly of consequence in matters of etiquette andceremonial. Reciprocity between states is the general rule in the grade of agents. The old theory that agents of the firstrank had access to the ear of the sovereign is no longer held, and all grades alike represent both the sovereign and thestate from which they come.[160]
(d) Certain prerogatives are held to appertain to the office of ambassador and to diplomats of the firstrank. Among these are: (1) the title of Excellency, (2) the right to remain covered in the presence of the sovereign, unlessthe sovereign himself is uncovered, (3) the privilege of a dais in his own home, (4) the right to use a \"coach and six\" withoutriders, (5) military and naval honors, (6) the use of the coat of arms over the door, (7) invitations to all courtceremonies. This last is usually extended to all diplomats. Those of lower rank than the ambassador sometimes claim modifiedforms of the above prerogatives. 59ce067264
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